Since Chinese, 中国, history is generally a history of occupation, social hierarchy metamorphosis like an insect. The Manchu or Qing dynasty 1644-1911 diffused in from the north, with their own language and script rather than characters. Administration and tax collection were, of course, done in Chinese; but the court language would tend to be in Manchu. In fact, officials of high rank were forbidden to marry outside their Manchu origins. To prevent miscegenation, vast numbers of eunuchs were employed. The modification was done in such a way as to make sure that nothing fell through the cracks.
Manchu Empress Tsu Hsi 1835-1908, was swept along with the Opium wars and Boxer rebellion. She is sometimes called the Dragon Lady, but was more interested in arranging flowers, and a few times meeting a delegation of Western females. The opium came by way of the Jewish Sassoon family, treasurer to Baghdad, who fled to Persia then Bombay. Besides opium there were other ventures: Illuminati, migration and gender ideology.
Photo of Empress Dowager Tsu Hsi
A less compliant ruler was Wu, Empress of Heaven, 624-705, who dispatched quite a number of competitors in the opposite direction. She invented main stream media; a series of copper boxes that were installed at Imperial buildings in which citizens could post denunciations of one another. Her efficient rule extended the Silk Road all the way out to Baghdad.
Image of Wu Zetian
Ape Town 